How the dose is calculated
1 ppm is 1 mg per liter. The chlorine needed is the ppm increase × the pool volume in liters. That amount is divided by the product strength: 12.5% liquid chlorine contains about 12.5 g of available chlorine per 100 mL, and 65% cal-hypo contains 65 g per 100 g.
Typical free chlorine levels
Many pool guides recommend 1–3 ppm of free chlorine for residential pools, higher when using cyanuric acid (stabilizer). Shocking raises it much higher temporarily. Test the water before and after adding chemicals.